If you are one of those who consider the National Holidays a gift from the Government to the owners of chain boutiques, i.e. if you spend the day shopping in a mall, stop reading right here. I swear it’ll be a totally boring reading for you. And your shopping competition could jump the line anyway!
Twenty years ago, I used to sit in a class on Early American Literature at Charles University in Prague studying the Declaration of Independence. One of my most favorite classes. At that time, a majority of the Czechoslovak people were ostracized by the communist tyranny, and there were not many opportunities to freely discuss the democratic ideals beyond the safe historical documents readings and outside the classroom walls. So, I loved reading and analyzing the Jeffersonian document with my teacher cherishing the fact that he knew that we knew that he knew. And we all could dream for the whole hour and a half!
I’ve been living in Jefferson’s patria for almost 15 years now. It also includes the last six years under king George II. As we have the Independence Day approaching, and since I dislike the shopping malls most of all American inventions I’ve encountered so far, I decided instead to read the document again, cherishing its solemn courage, its visionary focus, and its enlightened attitudes.
Wow! What a reading! Read some passages with me if you will. Pay a special attention to the comments on the Government and the King (at that time, George III – uh, are we moving backwards, anyway?)), and think about the realities of our current Government and our current king. I promise it’s going to be a very refreshing albeit disturbing and provocative reading:
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, — That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security…
…The history of the present King… is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world.
- He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.
- He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.
- He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.)
- He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their Public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.
- He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.
- He has obstructed the Administration of Justice…
- He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone for the tenure of their offices…
- He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harass our people and eat out their substance.
- He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures.
- He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil Power…
- …(military) For protecting them, by a mock Trial from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States
- For depriving us in many cases, of the benefit of Trial by Jury
- For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences
- For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies
- For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments
- For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever
- He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us. He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.
- He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation, and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty & Perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation.
- He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands.
- He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us …
… A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.
…We, therefore, the Representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States, that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the Crown… — And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor.
As I said, I loved reading the Declaration of Independence in Prague at the time when the circumstances would for me elevate this historical document into a live and noble yet very practical manual of idealism. The sad news is that today’s circumstances make me read the document in Seattle with the same inquiring eyes in search of its inspiring idealism. The good news is, or at least my hope that many more in this country will skip the mall this year, and discover instead the freshness of the ideas 230 years old.
P.S. If you still believe I got insane with the name of this article, here is some additional reading, which hides the answer; also quite refreshing. A very brief biography of King George III, the King of England. After this, you’ll exonerate me of my insanity, I'd hope:
Born in London in 1738.
George was not very intelligent and could not read until he was eleven. However, his tutors praised him for the amount of effort he was willing to put into solving his academic problems.
In 1760, George succeeded his grandfather, George II, as king.
A year after becoming king, George III arranged for the Earl of Bute to become prime minister. This decision upset a large number of MPs who considered Bute to be incompetent. North's leading critic in the House of Commons was John Wilkes. In the newspaper that he established, The New Briton, Wilkes accused the king and his ministers of lying. Wilkes became a symbol of free speech and the king was blamed when he was imprisoned for 22 months for libel. Although Bute only stayed in office for a year, he remained an important influence on George's political opinions.
Over the next four years the king appointed four different prime ministers, In Lord North, the king had at last found a man whom he liked and trusted, and Lord North stayed in office for ten years.
George III supported Lord North's policies that resulted in the American War of Independence (1776-1783). Some MPs, led by Charles Fox and William Pitt criticized the conflict as an "unjust war" and urged Lord North's government to bring it to an end. Fox and Pitt were also critical of the way that George III tried to influence and manipulate those in Parliament. They argued that parliamentary reform was necessary for the preservation of liberty.
Lord Frederick North's government fell in March 1782. When the House of Commons passed the India Bill, the king warned members of the House of Lords that he would regard any one who voted for the bill as his enemy. Unwilling to upset the king, the Lords rejected the bill by 95 votes to 76.
The Duke of Portland's administration resigned and on 19th December, 1783, the king invited his former critic, William Pitt, to form a new government. George now used all the powers at his disposal to help Pitt maintain control of Parliament. This made the king unpopular with the Whigs, a group who favored a reduction in the powers of the monarchy.
George III was also having trouble with his high-spirited eldest son, George, Prince of Wales. On 5th November, 1788, the king attacked the Prince and smashed his head against the wall. One observer claimed that foam was coming from the king's mouth and his eyes were so bloodshot that they looked like currant jelly. George was placed in a strait-jacket and eventually his doctors had a special iron chair made to restrain their patient. Other treatment included putting poultices of Spanish Fly and mustard all over the King's body; the idea was that the painful blisters which resulted would draw out the "evil humors". By April 1789, George's doctors came to the conclusion that he had recovered from his madness and he was allowed to carry on with his royal duties.
In 1793 war broke out with France.
To pay for the war, Pitt was forced to increase taxation and had to raise a loan of £18 million. This problem was made worse by a series of bad harvests. When going to open parliament in October 1795, George III was greeted with cries of 'Bread', 'Peace' and 'no Pitt'. Missiles were also thrown and so Pitt immediately decided to pass a new Sedition Bill that redefined the law of treason.
George III was now a deeply unpopular king.
In his reign, George III suffered from recurrent and eventually permanent mental illness. George suffered complete mental breakdowns in 1801 and 1804. In 1810, George III's insanity became permanent. George, Prince of Wales, was appointed regent, and carried out his father's official royal duties. George III died on 29th January 1820.
Anyway, a poultice of Spanish Fly and mustard, anyone?
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